Form: 10-Q

Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

October 31, 2023

Documents

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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
 ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                 to 
Commission File Number: 001-40887
Life Time Group Holdings, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 47-3481985
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
2902 Corporate Place
Chanhassen, Minnesota 55317
(952) 947-0000
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code; Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class Trading Symbol Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share LTH The New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ☒     No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes ☒      No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐    No ☒ 
As of October 27, 2023, the registrant had 196,408,901 shares of common stock outstanding, par value $0.01 per share.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
LIFE TIME GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
September 30,
2023		 December 31,
2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 25,441  $ 25,509 
Accounts receivable, net 19,190  13,381 
Center operating supplies and inventories 48,557  45,655 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 48,369  45,743 
Income tax receivable 11,715  748 
Total current assets 153,272  131,036 
Property and equipment, net 3,074,634  2,901,242 
Goodwill 1,235,359  1,233,176 
Operating lease right-of-use assets 2,187,804  2,116,761 
Intangible assets, net 172,422  173,404 
Other assets 73,572  69,744 
Total assets $ 6,897,063  $ 6,625,363 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 76,138  $ 73,973 
Construction accounts payable 107,955  125,031 
Deferred revenue 39,357  36,859 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 179,382  154,427 
Current maturities of debt 64,033  15,224 
Current maturities of operating lease liabilities 56,320  51,892 
Total current liabilities 523,185  457,406 
Long-term debt, net of current portion 1,815,965  1,805,698 
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion 2,248,026  2,162,424 
Deferred income taxes, net 57,377  41,393 
Other liabilities 35,621  34,181 
Total liabilities 4,680,174  4,501,102 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 500,000 shares authorized; 196,183 and 194,271 shares issued and outstanding, respectively.
 1,962  1,943 
Additional paid-in capital 2,824,949  2,784,416 
Accumulated deficit (600,497) (652,876)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (9,525) (9,222)
Total stockholders’ equity 2,216,889  2,124,261 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 6,897,063  $ 6,625,363 

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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LIFE TIME GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
September 30,		 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Revenue:
Center revenue $ 568,402  $ 479,995  $ 1,608,279 $ 1,307,498
Other revenue 16,775  16,386  49,480 42,404
Total revenue 585,177  496,381  1,657,759 1,349,902
Operating expenses:
Center operations 319,401  295,253  896,113 814,383
Rent 69,225  63,213  203,196 179,166
General, administrative and marketing 51,668  57,139  147,005 175,650
Depreciation and amortization 63,618  56,400  180,067 171,680
Other operating expense (income) 34,516  (31,358) 64,837 (56,605)
Total operating expenses 538,428  440,647  1,491,218 1,284,274
Income from operations 46,749  55,734  166,541 65,628
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense, net of interest income (33,075) (27,696) (96,249) (84,732)
Equity in earnings of affiliate 56  95  287 129
Total other expense (33,019) (27,601) (95,962) (84,603)
Income (loss) before income taxes 13,730  28,133  70,579 (18,975)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 5,815  3,401  18,200 (3,456)
Net income (loss) $ 7,915  $ 24,732  $ 52,379 $ (15,519)
Income (loss) per common share:
Basic $ 0.04  $ 0.13  $ 0.27 $ (0.08)
Diluted $ 0.04  $ 0.12  $ 0.26 $ (0.08)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic 196,146  193,918  195,404 193,364
Diluted 204,298  198,381  203,954 193,364

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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LIFE TIME GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended
September 30,		 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income (loss) $ 7,915  $ 24,732  $ 52,379 $ (15,519)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $0
 (2,265) (6,015) (303) (7,339)
Comprehensive income (loss) $ 5,650  $ 18,717  $ 52,076 $ (22,858)

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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LIFE TIME GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Common Stock Additional Paid-In
Capital		 Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total
Equity
Shares Amount
Balance at June 30, 2023 196,031  $ 1,960  $ 2,814,424  $ (608,412) $ (7,260) $ 2,200,712 
Net income —  —  —  7,915  —  7,915 
Other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  (2,265) (2,265)
Share-based compensation —  —  8,906  —  —  8,906 
Stock option exercises 152  2  1,619  —  —  1,621 
Balance at September 30, 2023 196,183  $ 1,962  $ 2,824,949  $ (600,497) $ (9,525) $ 2,216,889 
Common Stock Additional Paid-In
Capital		 Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total
Equity
Shares Amount
Balance at December 31, 2022 194,271  $ 1,943  $ 2,784,416  $ (652,876) $ (9,222) $ 2,124,261 
Net income —  —  —  52,379  —  52,379 
Other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  (303) (303)
Share-based compensation —  —  22,842  —  —  22,842 
Stock option exercises 1,362  14  14,884  —  —  14,898 
Issuances of common stock in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units 337  3  (113) —  —  (110)
Issuances of common stock in connection with the employee stock purchase plan 123  1  1,449  —  —  1,450 
Issuances of common stock in connection with business acquisitions 90  1  1,471  —  —  1,472 
Balance at September 30, 2023 196,183  $ 1,962  $ 2,824,949  $ (600,497) $ (9,525) $ 2,216,889 
Common Stock Additional Paid-In
Capital		 Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total
Equity
Shares Amount
Balance at June 30, 2022 193,796  $ 1,938  $ 2,772,393  $ (691,334) $ (4,340) $ 2,078,657 
Net income —  —  —  24,732  —  24,732 
Other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  (6,015) (6,015)
Share-based compensation —  —  5,803  —  —  5,803 
Stock option exercises 195  2  1,994  —  —  1,996 
Balance at September 30, 2022 193,991  $ 1,940  $ 2,780,190  $ (666,602) $ (10,355) $ 2,105,173 
Common Stock Additional Paid-In
Capital		 Accumulated Deficit Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Total
Equity
Shares Amount
Balance at December 31, 2021 193,060  $ 1,931  $ 2,743,560  $ (651,083) $ (3,016) $ 2,091,392 
Net loss —  —  —  (15,519) —  (15,519)
Other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  (7,339) (7,339)
Share-based compensation —  —  33,214  —  —  33,214 
Stock option exercises 309  3  3,187  —  —  3,190 
Equity issuance costs —  —  (270) —  —  (270)
Issuances of common stock in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units 622  6  (6) —  —  — 
Settlement of accrued compensation liabilities through the issuance of share-based compensation awards —  —  505  —  —  505 
Balance at September 30, 2022 193,991  $ 1,940  $ 2,780,190  $ (666,602) $ (10,355) $ 2,105,173 

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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LIFE TIME GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss) $ 52,379  $ (15,519)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 180,067  171,680 
Deferred income taxes 15,994  (10,957)
Share-based compensation 37,029  33,214 
Non-cash rent expense 26,900  27,304 
Impairment charges associated with long-lived assets 6,620  153 
Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment, net 13,742  (98,498)
Amortization of debt discounts and issuance costs 5,862  5,898 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (4,407) 14,055 
Other (3,240) (2,010)
Net cash provided by operating activities 330,946  125,320 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures (525,796) (409,946)
Proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions 121,831  373,451 
Other 416  (985)
Net cash used in investing activities (403,549) (37,480)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings 44,291  8,657 
Repayments of debt (11,202) (21,993)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility 986,000  710,000 
Repayments of revolving credit facility (961,000) (710,000)
Repayments of finance lease liabilities (771) (1,043)
Proceeds from financing obligations 1,500  — 
Payments of debt discounts and issuance costs (2,550) (43)
Proceeds from stock option exercises 14,897  3,190 
Proceeds from issuances of common stock in connection with the employee stock purchase plan 1,450  — 
Other (110) (476)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 72,505  (11,708)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents 30  (700)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (68) 75,432 
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of period 25,509  31,637 
Cash and cash equivalents – end of period $ 25,441  $ 107,069 

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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LIFE TIME GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Table amounts in thousands except per share data)
454
1. Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation
Nature of Business
Life Time Group Holdings, Inc. (collectively with its direct and indirect subsidiaries, “Life Time,” “we,” “our,” or the “Company”) is a holding company incorporated in the state of Delaware. As a holding company, Life Time Group Holdings, Inc. does not have its own independent assets or business operations, and all of our assets and business operations are through Life Time, Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. We are primarily dedicated to providing premium health, fitness and wellness experiences at our athletic country club destinations and via our comprehensive digital platform and portfolio of iconic athletic events – all with the objective of inspiring healthier, happier lives. We design, build and operate our athletic country club destinations that are distinctive and large, multi-use sports and athletic, professional fitness, family recreation and spa centers in a resort-like environment. As of September 30, 2023, we operated 170 centers in 31 states and one Canadian province.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and as required by rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). While these statements reflect normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results of the interim period, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements. When preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. We have one operating segment and one reportable segment.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
We adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” during the second quarter of 2023. ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contract modifications, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met, and provides companies with optional guidance to ease the potential accounting burden associated with transitioning away from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued. In connection with the debt refinancing that we completed in May 2023, we transitioned from LIBOR to Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Fair Value Measurements
The accounting guidance establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expanded disclosures about fair value measurements. The guidance applies to all assets and liabilities that are measured and reported on a fair value basis. This enables the reader of the financial statements to assess the inputs used to develop those measurements by establishing a hierarchy for ranking the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. The guidance requires that each asset and liability carried at fair value be classified into one of the following categories:
Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
The carrying amounts related to cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, income tax receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value.
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LIFE TIME GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Table amounts in thousands except per share data)
Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis. We had no material remeasurements of such assets or liabilities to fair value during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Financial Assets and Liabilities. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value and fair value of our outstanding long-term debt was as follows:
September 30,
2023		 December 31,
2022
Carrying Value Fair
Value		 Carrying Value Fair
Value
Long-term debt (1)
$ 1,896,529  $ 1,851,542  $ 1,840,171  $ 1,724,178 
(1) Excludes unamortized debt discounts and issuance costs.
The fair value of our debt is based on the amount of future cash flows discounted using rates we would currently be able to realize for similar instruments of comparable maturity. If our long-term debt were recorded at fair value, it would be classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. For more information regarding our debt, see Note 6, Debt.
Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis. Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis primarily relate to our goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, which are remeasured when the derived fair value is below carrying value on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. For these assets, we do not periodically adjust carrying value to fair value except in the event of impairment. If we determine that impairment has occurred, the carrying value of the asset would be reduced to fair value and the difference would be recorded as a loss within operating income in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Except for an impairment charge of $5.3 million related to the sale of an outparcel of land that was recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2023, we had no material remeasurements of such assets or liabilities to fair value during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
3. Supplemental Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Information
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:
September 30,
2023		 December 31,
2022
Property held for sale $ 8,600  $ 4,987 
Construction contract receivables 11,886  8,867 
Prepaid insurance 2,718  3,414 
Prepaid software licenses and maintenance 9,743  10,009 
Other 15,422  18,466 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 48,369  $ 45,743 
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LIFE TIME GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Table amounts in thousands except per share data)
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:
September 30,
2023		 December 31,
2022
Real estate taxes $ 37,420  $ 32,373 
Accrued interest 36,082  36,518 
Payroll liabilities 37,377  19,908 
Utilities 6,154  7,285 
Self-insurance accruals 26,070  21,369 
Corporate accruals 28,223  29,731 
Other 8,056  7,243 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 179,382  $ 154,427 
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
(Increases) decreases in operating assets and increases (decreases) in operating liabilities are as follows:
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023 2022
Accounts receivable $ (8,044) $ (6,056)
Center operating supplies and inventories (2,903) (3,140)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 3,316  2,166 
Income tax receivable (10,967) 3,533 
Other assets 5,203  638 
Accounts payable 2,191  2,069 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 10,596  19,954 
Deferred revenue 1,277  (1,467)
Other liabilities (5,076) (3,642)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities $ (4,407) $ 14,055
Additional supplemental cash flow information is as follows:
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023 2022
Net cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received $ 13,172  $ 3,628 
Cash payments for interest, net of capitalized interest 91,896  82,607 
Capitalized interest 14,498  11,228 
Non-cash activity:
Issuances of common stock in connection with a business acquisition 1,472  — 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for initial lease liabilities:
Operating leases 106,285 316,071
Finance leases 963 142
Right-of-use asset adjustments recognized as a result of the remeasurement of existing operating lease liabilities 17,845 7,366
Non-cash increase in operating lease right-of-use assets associated with below-market sale-leaseback transactions 5,900 10,090
Non-cash increase in financing obligations as a result of interest accretion 83 —
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LIFE TIME GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Table amounts in thousands except per share data)
4. Goodwill
The goodwill balance was $1,235.4 million and $1,233.2 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The $2.2 million change in goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was related to business acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
There were no goodwill impairment charges recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
5. Revenue
Revenue associated with our membership dues, enrollment fees, and certain services from our in-center businesses is recognized over time as earned. Revenue associated with products and services offered in our cafes and spas, as well as through e-commerce, is recognized at a point in time. The following is a summary of revenue, by major revenue stream, that we recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Membership dues and enrollment fees $ 407,903  $ 335,717  $ 1,152,506 $ 916,895
In-center revenue 160,499  144,278  455,773 390,603
Total center revenue 568,402  479,995  1,608,279 1,307,498
Other revenue 16,775  16,386  49,480 42,404
Total revenue $ 585,177  $ 496,381  $ 1,657,759 $ 1,349,902
The timing associated with the revenue we recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Center
Revenue		 Other
Revenue		 Total
Revenue		 Center
Revenue		 Other
Revenue		 Total
Revenue
Goods and services transferred over time $ 502,003 $ 16,775 $ 518,778 $ 419,758 $ 16,386 $ 436,144
Goods and services transferred at a point in time 66,399 — 66,399 60,237 — 60,237
Total revenue $ 568,402 $ 16,775 $ 585,177 $ 479,995 $ 16,386 $ 496,381
The timing associated with the revenue we recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Center
Revenue		 Other
Revenue		 Total
Revenue		 Center
Revenue		 Other
Revenue		 Total
Revenue
Goods and services transferred over time $ 1,417,352 $ 49,480 $ 1,466,832 $ 1,137,643 $ 42,404 $ 1,180,047
Goods and services transferred at a point in time 190,927 — 190,927 169,855 — 169,855
Total revenue $ 1,608,279 $ 49,480 $ 1,657,759 $ 1,307,498 $ 42,404 $ 1,349,902
Contract liabilities represent payments or consideration received in advance for goods or services that the Company has not yet transferred to the customer. Contract liabilities consist primarily of deferred revenue for fees collected in advance for membership dues, enrollment fees, Dynamic Personal Training and other center services offerings, as well as our media and athletic events. Contract liabilities at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $40.1 million and $38.9 million, respectively.
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LIFE TIME GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Table amounts in thousands except per share data)
Contract liabilities that will be recognized within one year are classified as deferred revenue in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Deferred revenue at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $39.4 million and $36.9 million, respectively, and consists primarily of prepaid membership dues, enrollment fees, Dynamic Personal Training and other in-center services, as well as media and athletic events.
Contract liabilities that will be recognized in a future period greater than one year are classified as a component of Other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Long-term contract liabilities at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $0.7 million and $2.0 million, respectively, and consist primarily of deferred enrollment fees.
6. Debt
Debt consisted of the following:
September 30,
2023		 December 31, 2022
Term Loan Facility (1)
$ 310,000 $ 273,625
Revolving Credit Facility, maturing December 2026 45,000 20,000
Secured Notes, maturing January 2026 925,000 925,000
Unsecured Notes, maturing April 2026 475,000 475,000
Construction Loan, maturing February 2026 28,000 21,330
Mortgage Notes, various maturities 108,725 119,928
Other debt 4,122 4,122
Fair value adjustment 682 1,166
Total debt 1,896,529 1,840,171
Less unamortized debt discounts and issuance costs (16,531) (19,249)
Total debt less unamortized debt discount and issuance costs 1,879,998 1,820,922
Less current maturities (64,033) (15,224)
Long-term debt, less current maturities $ 1,815,965 $ 1,805,698
(1) See “—Refinancing Transaction” below.
Refinancing Transaction
On May 9, 2023, Life Time, Inc. and certain of our other wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a tenth amendment to the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit agreement (the “Amended Credit Agreement”). Pursuant to the Amended Credit Agreement, we refinanced our $273.6 million Term Loan Facility that had a maturity date in December 2024 to our $310.0 million Term Loan Facility that has a maturity date of January 15, 2026. A portion of the net incremental cash proceeds we received under the Amended Credit Agreement was used to pay down the then existing balance on our Revolving Credit Facility. We also converted the facilities under the Amended Credit Agreement from LIBOR to SOFR. Loans under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at a floating rate per annum of, at our option, SOFR plus an applicable credit adjustment spread ranging from 0.11448% to 0.42826% depending on the duration of borrowing plus the continued applicable margin of 4.75% or a base rate plus 3.75%. The applicable margins will decrease to 4.50% and 3.50%, respectively, upon our achievement of public corporate family ratings of B2 and B from Moody’s and S&P, respectively. Loans under the Term Loan Facility were issued with original issue discount of 0.50%. This refinancing transaction was accounted for as a debt modification.
Revolving Credit Facility
At September 30, 2023, there were $45.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and there were $32.6 million of outstanding letters of credit, resulting in total revolver availability of $397.4 million, which was available at intervals ranging from 30 to 180 days at interest rates of SOFR plus the applicable credit adjustment spread plus 3.50% or base rate plus 2.50%.
The weighted average interest rate and debt outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 8.54% and $59.5 million, respectively. The highest balance during that same period was $120.0 million.
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LIFE TIME GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Table amounts in thousands except per share data)
Debt Covenants
We are required to comply with certain affirmative and restrictive covenants under our Credit Facilities, Secured Notes, Unsecured Notes and Mortgage Notes. We are also required to comply with a first lien net leverage ratio covenant under the Revolving Credit Facility, which requires us to maintain a first lien net leverage ratio, if 30.00% or more of the Revolving Credit Facility commitments are outstanding shortly after the end of any fiscal quarter (excluding all cash collateralized undrawn letters of credit and other undrawn letters of credit up to $20.0 million).
As of September 30, 2023, we were either in compliance in all material respects with the covenants or the covenants were not applicable.
Future Maturities of Long-Term Debt
Aggregate annual future maturities of long-term debt, excluding unamortized discounts, issuance costs and fair value adjustments, at September 30, 2023 were as follows:
October 2023 through September 2024 $ 64,033
October 2024 through September 2025 12,515
October 2025 through September 2026 1,751,209
October 2026 through September 2027 64,877
October 2027 through September 2028 165
Thereafter 3,048
Total future maturities of long-term debt $ 1,895,847
7. Leases
Sale-Leaseback Transactions
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we entered into and consummated sale-leaseback transactions with unrelated third parties. Under these transactions, we sold three properties with a combined net book value of $141.1 million for $124.0 million, which was reduced by transaction costs of $0.7 million, for net cash proceeds of $123.3 million. The estimated fair value of the property sold was $128.4 million. Accordingly, the aggregate sales price associated with these arrangements was increased by $4.4 million, which resulted in the recognition of a loss of $13.4 million on these transactions. This loss is included in Other operating expense (income) in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. Of the $4.4 million aggregate net sales price increase recognized in connection with these transactions, $5.9 million was associated with a property sale in which the sales price was less than the fair value of the properties sold, which was recognized as an increase in the aggregate sales price associated with this property and an increase in the related operating lease right-of-use asset, and $1.5 million was associated with a property sale in which the sales price was greater than the fair value of the property sold, which was recognized as a reduction in the aggregate sales price associated with this property and as a financing obligation separate from the related operating lease liability. For cash flow purposes, the $1.5 million of proceeds we received from this financing obligation are reported within financing activities on our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.
Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities recognized in connection with these sale-leaseback transactions were $74.0 million and $67.3 million, respectively.
8. Stockholders’ Equity
Share-Based Compensation Expense
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, total share-based compensation expense was $14.9 million and $37.0 million, respectively. Of this amount, $8.9 million and $22.8 million, respectively, was associated with equity-classified awards and $6.0 million and $14.2 million, respectively, was associated with liability-classified awards. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, total share-based compensation expense was $5.8 million and $33.2 million, respectively, all of which was associated with equity-classified awards.
The liability-classified awards granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were performance-based and relate to our short-term incentive compensation program. In the event specified performance metrics are met, these awards will be settled through the issuance of fully-vested shares of the Company’s common stock at such time of determination in
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LIFE TIME GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Table amounts in thousands except per share data)
2024. Because the incentive compensation associated with these awards represents a fixed dollar amount that, if payable, will be settled in a variable number of shares of the Company’s common stock, we are currently accounting for these awards as liability-classified awards. Accordingly, the offset to the $14.2 million of share-based compensation expense we have recognized in connection with these awards during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on our September 30, 2023 condensed consolidated balance sheet.
9. Income (Loss) Per Share
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, our potentially dilutive securities included stock options, restricted stock units and shares to be issued under our ESPP. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, our potentially dilutive securities included stock options and restricted stock units. Due to the net loss that we recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the potentially dilutive shares of common stock associated with these equity-based securities were determined to be antidilutive and, therefore, are excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income (loss) $ 7,915 $ 24,732 $ 52,379 $ (15,519)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic 196,146 193,918 195,404 193,364
Dilutive effect of stock-based compensation awards 8,152 4,463 8,550 —
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted 204,298 198,381 203,954 193,364
Income (loss) per common share – basic $ 0.04 $ 0.13 $ 0.27 $ (0.08)
Income (loss) per common share – diluted $ 0.04 $ 0.12 $ 0.26 $ (0.08)
The following is a summary of potential shares of common stock that were antidilutive and excluded from the weighted average share computations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		 Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
Stock options 6,533 6,060 6,272 25,139
Restricted stock units 872 2,658 872 2,786
Potential common shares excluded from the weighted average share calculations 7,405 8,718 7,144 27,925

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LIFE TIME GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Table amounts in thousands except per share data)
10. Commitments and Contingencies
Life Time, Inc. et al. v. Zurich American Insurance Company
On August 19, 2020, Life Time, Inc., several of its subsidiaries, and a joint venture entity, Bloomingdale Life Time Fitness LLC (collectively, the “Life Time Parties”) filed a complaint against Zurich American Insurance Company (“Zurich”) in the Fourth Judicial District of the State of Minnesota, County of Hennepin (Case No. 27-CV-20-10599) (the “Action”) seeking declaratory relief and damages with respect to Zurich’s failure under a property/business interruption insurance policy to provide certain coverage to the Life Time Parties related to the closure or suspension by governmental authorities of their business activities due to the spread or threat of the spread of COVID-19. On March 15, 2021, certain of the Life Time Parties filed a First Amended Complaint in the Action adding claims against Zurich under a Builders’ Risk policy related to the suspension of multiple construction projects. The parties are currently in discovery. The Action is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of the matter is not predictable with any assurance.
Other
We are also engaged in other proceedings incidental to the normal course of business. Due to their nature, such legal proceedings involve inherent uncertainties, including but not limited to court rulings, negotiations between affected parties and governmental intervention. We establish reserves for matters that are probable and estimable in amounts we believe are adequate to cover reasonable adverse judgments. Based upon the information available to us and discussions with legal counsel, it is our opinion that the outcome of the various legal actions and claims that are incidental to our business will not have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Such matters are subject to many uncertainties, and the outcomes of individual matters are not predictable with assurance.
11. Subsequent Events
In preparing the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, we have evaluated the period from September 30, 2023 through the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued for material subsequent events. There have been no such events or transactions during this time which would have a material effect on the condensed consolidated financial statements and therefore would require recognition or disclosure.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this discussion and analysis are forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities regulations. Forward-looking statements in this discussion and analysis include, but are not limited to, our plans, strategies and prospects, both business and financial, including our financial outlook, possible or assumed future actions, opportunities for growth and margin expansion, improvements to our balance sheet and leverage, capital expenditures, consumer demand, industry and economic trends, business strategies, events or results of operations. Generally, forward-looking statements are not based on historical facts but instead represent only our current beliefs and assumptions regarding future events. All forward-looking statements are, by nature, subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors. This discussion and analysis does not purport to identify factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements. You should understand that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance or results and are preliminary in nature. Statements preceded by, followed by or that otherwise include the words “believes,” “assumes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “continues,” “projects,” “predicts,” “estimates,” “plans,” “potential,” “may increase,” “may result,” “will result,” “may fluctuate,” and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would,” “foreseeable,” “may,” and “could” as well as the negative version of these words or similar terms and phrases are generally forward-looking in nature and not historical facts. In addition, any statements or information that refer to expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, performance or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking.
The forward-looking statements contained in this discussion and analysis are based on management’s current beliefs and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance. The forward-looking statements are subject to various risks, uncertainties, assumptions or changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict or quantify. Actual results may differ materially from these expectations due to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including risks relating to our business operations and competitive and economic environment, risks relating to our brand, risks relating to the growth of our business, risks relating to our technological operations, risks relating to our capital structure and lease obligations, risks relating to our human capital, risks relating to legal compliance and risk management and risks relating to ownership of our common stock and the other important factors discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and as such risk factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the SEC that are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Since it is not possible to foresee all such factors, these factors should not be considered as complete or exhaustive. Consequently, we caution investors not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, as no forward-looking statement can be guaranteed, and actual results may vary materially. Additionally, our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, investments or other strategic transactions we may make.
All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise, or to publicly announce any update or revision to, any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
Overview
Initial Public Offering
On October 12, 2021, Life Time Group Holdings, Inc. consummated its initial public offering (“IPO”) of 39.0 million shares of its common stock for total gross proceeds of $702.0 million before deducting the underwriting discounts and other offering expenses. Additionally, on November 1, 2021, Life Time Group Holdings, Inc. consummated the sale of nearly 1.6 million additional shares of its common stock pursuant to the partial exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option, resulting in total gross proceeds of approximately $28.4 million before deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions.
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Business and Strategy
Life Time, the “Healthy Way of Life Company,” is a leading lifestyle brand offering premium health, fitness and wellness experiences to a community of approximately 1.5 million individual members, who together comprise more than 830,000 memberships, as of September 30, 2023. Since our founding over 30 years ago, we have sought to continuously innovate ways for our members to lead healthy and happy lives by offering them the best places, programs and performers. We deliver high-quality experiences through our omni-channel physical and digital ecosystem that includes 170 centers—distinctive, resort-like athletic country club destinations—across 31 states in the United States and one province in Canada. Our track record of providing differentiated experiences to our members has fueled our strong, long-term financial performance.
Our luxurious athletic country clubs, which are located in both affluent suburban and urban locations, total approximately 17 million square feet in the aggregate. We offer expansive fitness floors with top-of-the-line equipment, spacious locker rooms, group fitness studios, indoor and outdoor pools and bistros, indoor and outdoor tennis courts, pickleball courts, basketball courts, LifeSpa, LifeCafe and our childcare and Kids Academy learning spaces. Our premium service offerings are delivered by over 37,000 Life Time team members, including over 9,700 certified fitness professionals, ranging from personal trainers to studio performers.
Our members are highly engaged and draw inspiration from the experiences and community we have created. The value our members place on our community is reflected in the continued strength and growth of our average revenue per center membership and the visits to our athletic country clubs. Our average revenue per center membership and the visits to our clubs for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $2,095 and 78 million, respectively, as compared to $1,885 and 65 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. We believe that no other company in the United States delivers the same quality and breadth of health, fitness and wellness experiences that we deliver, which has enabled us to consistently grow our annual membership dues and in-center revenue.
Our total Center revenue increased to $1,608.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $1,307.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. We believe it will continue to grow as our new centers ramp to expected performance, we open new centers in desirable locations across the country and we continue to execute on our strategic initiatives discussed below. Our new centers on average have taken three to four years to ramp to expected performance. As of September 30, 2023, we had 27 centers open for less than three years. We are also expanding the number of our centers using an asset-light model that targets increasingly affluent markets with higher income members, higher average annual revenue per center membership and higher returns on invested capital. As we open these new centers in more affluent markets, we believe our average revenue per center membership will naturally increase. We believe we have significant opportunities to continue expanding our portfolio of premium centers in an asset-light manner with plans for 22 to 24 new centers over 2023 and 2024. While we have shifted our new center growth strategy to pursue more asset-light opportunities that include leases with tenant improvement allowances and existing center takeovers with lower capital required, as of September 30, 2023, we had eight new centers under construction, with $285 million of growth capital expenditures already invested into these new centers that have yet to open. We believe the combined dynamic of our ramping new centers and the future growth that we have not yet realized from the quicker turnaround center takeovers plus the capital expenditures already invested in our centers under construction creates a strong tailwind for the continued growth of our total Center revenue.
Coming out of the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe that we have built a healthier and stronger business model. Our initial focus on center recovery has produced strong results in member engagement and increasing memberships, visits and Center revenue. We have also been able to expand margins by significantly improving the efficiency of our club operations and corporate office. We also expect to benefit from the greater flow through of our increased revenue and from new members joining at higher membership dues rates.
We have also implemented several strategic initiatives that are driving revenue, engagement and memberships as we continue to elevate and broaden our member experiences and allow our members to integrate health, fitness and wellness into their lives with greater ease and frequency. These strategic initiatives include pickleball, Dynamic Personal Training, Dynamic Stretch, small group training such as Alpha, GTX and Ultra Fit, and our ARORA community focused on members aged 55 years and older, where we have experienced a significant increase in our unique participants or total sessions. Additionally, our enhanced digital platform is delivering a true omni-channel experience for our members, including live streaming fitness classes, remote goal-based personal training, nutrition and weight loss support and curated award-winning health, fitness and wellness content. In addition, our members are able to purchase a wide variety of equipment, wearables, apparel, beauty products and nutritional supplements via our digital health store. We are continuing to invest in our digital capabilities, including our integrated digital app, in order to strengthen our relationships with our members and more comprehensively address their health, fitness and wellness needs so that they can remain engaged and connected with Life Time at any time or place.
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We also continue to expand our “Healthy Way of Life” ecosystem in response to the desire of our members to holistically integrate health and wellness into every aspect of their daily lives. In 2018, we launched Life Time Work, an asset-light branded co-working model that offers premium work spaces in close proximity to our centers and integrates ergonomic furnishings and promotes a healthy working environment. Life Time Work members also have the ability to receive access to all of our resort-like athletic country club destinations across the United States and Canada. Additionally, our Life Time Living locations offer luxury wellness-oriented residences, also in close proximity to one of our athletic country clubs. As of September 30, 2023, we had 13 Life Time Work and three Life Time Living locations open and operating. Our Life Time Living offering is generating interest from new property developers and presenting opportunities for new center development that were not previously available to us. As we expand our footprint with new centers and nearby work and living spaces, as well as strengthen our digital capabilities, we expect to continue to grow our omni-channel platform to support the “Healthy Way of Life” journey of our members.
Macroeconomy
We continue to monitor the macroeconomic environment and its impact on our business, including with respect to inflation, interest rates, labor and supply chain issues, as well as a potential economic recession. More than two years of elevated inflation has impacted our expenses and capital expenditures in several areas, including wages, construction costs and other operating expenses, and thus pressured our margin performance. Despite this headwind that has shown signs of easing, we have experienced growth in our revenue and margins as discussed above. The rising interest rate environment has also increased the cost of our Term Loan Facility and Revolving Credit Facility and may result in increased cap rates and delays on future sale-leaseback transactions. We continue to explore sale-leaseback transactions but are being selective on whether to execute any additional sale-leasebacks in the current macroeconomic environment given our ability to add new centers through asset-light opportunities and our improved cash flow. We will continue to monitor the macroeconomic environment, but we believe that our business is resilient and has performed well historically during different economic cycles including during a recession.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
This discussion and analysis includes certain financial measures that are not presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), including Adjusted net income (loss), Adjusted net income (loss) per common share, Adjusted EBITDA and ratios related thereto. These non-GAAP financial measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles and should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures should be read in conjunction with our financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. The reconciliations of the Company’s non-GAAP financial measures to the corresponding GAAP measures should be carefully evaluated. We use Adjusted net income (loss) and Adjusted EBITDA as important performance metrics for the Company.
Adjusted Net Income (Loss)
We define Adjusted net income (loss) as net income (loss) excluding the impact of share-based compensation expense, (gain) loss on sale-leaseback transactions, capital transaction costs, legal settlements, asset impairment, severance and other items that are not indicative of our ongoing operations, including incremental costs related to COVID-19, less the tax effect of these adjustments.
Adjusted EBITDA
We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest expense, net, provision for (benefit from) income taxes and depreciation and amortization, excluding the impact of share-based compensation expense, (gain) loss on sale-leaseback transactions, capital transaction costs, legal settlements, asset impairment, severance and other items that are not indicative of our ongoing operations, including incremental costs related to COVID-19.
Management uses Adjusted net income (loss) and Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate the Company’s performance. We believe that Adjusted net income (loss) and Adjusted EBITDA are important metrics for management, investors and analysts as they remove the impact of items that we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance and allows for consistent comparison of our operating results over time and relative to our peers. We use Adjusted net income (loss) and Adjusted EBITDA to supplement GAAP measures of performance in evaluating the effectiveness of our business strategies and to establish annual budgets and forecasts. We also use Adjusted EBITDA or variations thereof to establish short-term incentive compensation for management.
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Adjusted net income (loss) and Adjusted EBITDA should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. These are not measurements of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives to net income (loss) or any other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other businesses. Adjusted net income (loss) and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider these measures in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our operating results as reported under GAAP. Furthermore, we compensate for the limitations described above by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using Adjusted net income (loss) and Adjusted EBITDA only for supplemental purposes. See our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for our GAAP results.
Non-GAAP Measurements and Key Performance Indicators
We prepare and analyze various non-GAAP performance metrics and key performance indicators to assess the performance of our business and allocate resources. For more information regarding our non-GAAP performance metrics, see “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above. These are not measurements of our financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives to any other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP.
Set forth below are certain GAAP and non-GAAP measurements and key performance indicators for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The following information has been presented consistently for all periods presented.
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Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30,
2023 2022 2023 2022
($ in thousands, except for Average Center revenue per center membership data)
Membership Data
Center memberships 784,331 728,729 784,331 728,729
Digital On-hold memberships 45,708 47,273 45,708 47,273
Total memberships 830,039 776,002 830,039 776,002
Revenue Data
Membership dues and enrollment fees 71.8% 69.9% 71.7% 70.1%
In-center revenue 28.2% 30.1% 28.3% 29.9%
Total Center revenue 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Membership dues and enrollment fees $ 407,903  $ 335,717  $ 1,152,506  $ 916,895 
In-center revenue 160,499  144,278  455,773  390,603 
Total Center revenue $ 568,402  $ 479,995  $ 1,608,279  $ 1,307,498 
Average Center revenue per center membership (1)
$ 722 $ 660 $ 2,095 $ 1,885
Comparable center revenue (2)
11.4% 25.6% 16.6% 35.7%
Center Data
Net new center openings (3)
6 3 9 5
Total centers (end of period) (3)
170 156 170 156
Total center square footage (end of period) (4)
16,700,000 15,600,000 16,700,000 15,600,000
GAAP and Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Net income (loss) $ 7,915 $ 24,732 $ 52,379 $ (15,519)
Net income (loss) margin (5)
1.4  % 5.0  % 3.2  % (1.1) %
Adjusted net income (loss) (6)
$ 26,684 $ (11,535) $ 91,139 $ (66,832)
Adjusted net income (loss) margin (6)
4.6  % (2.3) % 5.5  % (5.0) %
Adjusted EBITDA (7)
$ 142,981 $ 70,975 $ 399,123 $ 174,697
Adjusted EBITDA margin (7)
24.4  % 14.3  % 24.1  % 12.9  %
Center operations expense $ 319,401 $ 295,253 $ 896,113 $ 814,383
Pre-opening expenses (8)
$ 1,477 $ 5,350 $ 6,146 $ 9,296
Rent $ 69,225 $ 63,213 $ 203,196 $ 179,166
Non-cash rent expense (open properties) (9)
$ 8,409 $ 6,762 $ 25,662 $ 14,850
Non-cash rent expense (properties under development) (9)
$ 861 $ 4,907 $ 1,238 $ 12,454
(1)    We define Average Center revenue per center membership as Center revenue less Digital On-hold revenue, divided by the average number of Center memberships for the period, where the average number of Center memberships for the period is an average derived from dividing the sum of the total Center memberships outstanding at the beginning of the period and at the end of each month during the period by one plus the number of months in each period.
(2)    We measure the results of our centers based on how long each center has been open as of the most recent measurement period. We include a center, for comparable center revenue purposes, beginning on the first day of the 13th full calendar month of the center’s operation, in order to assess the center’s growth rate after one year of operation.
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(3)    Net new center openings is calculated as the number of centers that opened for the first time to members during the period, less any centers that closed during the period. Total centers (end of period) is the number of centers operational as of the last day of the period. During the third quarter of 2023, we opened six centers. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we opened 10 centers and closed one center.
(4)    Total center square footage (end of period) reflects the aggregate fitness square footage, which we use as a metric for evaluating the efficiencies of a center as of the end of the period. The square footage figures exclude areas used for tennis courts, outdoor swimming pools, outdoor play areas and stand-alone Work, Sport and Swim locations. These figures are approximations.
(5)    Net income (loss) margin is calculated as net income (loss) divided by total revenue.
(6)    We present Adjusted net income (loss) as a supplemental measure of our performance. We define Adjusted net income (loss) as net income (loss) excluding the impact of share-based compensation expense, (gain) loss on sale-leaseback transactions, capital transaction costs, legal settlements, asset impairment, severance and other items that are not indicative of our ongoing operations, including incremental costs related to COVID-19, less the tax effect of these adjustments.
Adjusted net income (loss) margin is calculated as Adjusted net income (loss) divided by total revenue.
The following table provides a reconciliation of net income (loss) and income (loss) per common share, the most directly comparable GAAP measures, to Adjusted net income (loss) and Adjusted net income (loss) per common share:
Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30,
($ in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income (loss) $ 7,915  $ 24,732  $ 52,379  $ (15,519)
Share-based compensation expense (a)
14,858  5,803  37,029  33,214 
COVID-19 related expenses (b)
93  354  339  937 
Loss (gain) on sale-leaseback transactions (c)
12,672  (48,583) 13,431  (98,167)
Capital transaction costs (d)
—  —  —  255 
Asset impairments (e)
5,340  —  6,620  — 
Other (f)
(405) 1,172  (5,191) 1,021 
Taxes (g)
(13,789) 4,987  (13,468) 11,427 
Adjusted net income (loss) $ 26,684  $ (11,535) $ 91,139  $ (66,832)
Income (loss) per common share:
Basic $ 0.04  $ 0.13  $ 0.27  $ (0.08)
Diluted $ 0.04  $ 0.12  $ 0.26  $ (0.08)
Adjusted income (loss) per common share:
Basic $ 0.14  $ (0.06) $ 0.47  $ (0.35)
Diluted $ 0.13  $ (0.06) $ 0.45  $ (0.35)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic 196,146  193,918  195,404  193,364 
Diluted 204,298  198,381  203,954  193,364 
(a)    Share-based compensation expense recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was associated with stock options, restricted stock units, our employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) that launched on December 1, 2022, and liability classified awards related to our short-term incentive plan in 2023. Share-based compensation expense recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was associated with stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units. The majority of this expense in 2022 was associated with awards that were fully vested and became exercisable on April 4, 2022 in connection with the expiration of the lock-up period following our IPO.
(b)    Represents the incremental expenses we recognized related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We adjust for these expenses as they do not represent expenses associated with our normal ongoing operations. We believe that adjusting for these expenses provides a more accurate and consistent representation of our actual operating performance from period to period. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, COVID-19 related expenses primarily consisted of legal-related costs in pursuit of our claim against Zurich. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, COVID-19 related expenses primarily consisted of legal-related costs in pursuit of our claim against Zurich, partially offset by a subsidy for our Canadian operations. For more information regarding this claim, see Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this report.
(c)    We adjust for the impact of losses and gains on the sale-leaseback of our properties as they do not reflect costs associated with our ongoing operations. For details on the loss on sale-leaseback transactions that we recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, see “Sale-Leaseback Transactions” within Note 7, Leases, to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this report.
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(d)    Represents costs related to capital transactions, including debt and equity offerings that are non-recurring in nature, but excluding direct costs related to the IPO, which were netted against the proceeds of the IPO.
(e)    Represents non-cash asset impairments of our long-lived assets.
(f)    Includes benefits and costs associated with transactions that are unusual and non-recurring in nature.
(g)    Represents the estimated tax effect of the total adjustments made to arrive at Adjusted net income (loss) using the effective income tax rates for the respective periods.
(7)    We present Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure of our performance. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest expense, net, provision for (benefit from) income taxes and depreciation and amortization, excluding the impact of share-based compensation expense, loss (gain) on sale-leaseback transactions, capital transaction costs, legal settlements, asset impairment, severance and other items that are not indicative of our ongoing operations, including incremental costs related to COVID-19.
Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated as Adjusted EBITDA divided by total revenue.
The following table provides a reconciliation of net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to Adjusted EBITDA:
Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
September 30, September 30,
($ in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022
Net income (loss) $ 7,915  $ 24,732  $ 52,379  $ (15,519)
Interest expense, net of interest income 33,075  27,696  96,249  84,732 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 5,815  3,401  18,200  (3,456)
Depreciation and amortization 63,618  56,400  180,067  171,680 
Share-based compensation expense (a)
14,858  5,803  37,029  33,214 
COVID-19 related expenses (a)
93  354  339  937 
Loss (gain) on sale-leaseback transactions (a)
12,672  (48,583) 13,431  (98,167)
Capital transaction costs (a)
—  —  —  255 
Asset impairments (a)
5,340  —  6,620  — 
Other (a)
(405) 1,172  (5,191) 1,021 
Adjusted EBITDA $ 142,981  $ 70,975  $ 399,123  $ 174,697 
(a)     See the corresponding footnotes to the table in note 6 immediately above.    
(8)    Represents non-capital expenditures associated with opening new centers that are incurred prior to the commencement of a new center opening. The number of centers under construction or development, the types of centers and our costs associated with any particular center opening can vary significantly from period to period.
(9)    Reflects the non-cash portion of our annual GAAP operating lease expense that is greater or less than the cash operating lease payments. Non-cash rent expense for our open properties represents non-cash expense associated with properties that were operating at the end of each period presented. Non-cash rent expense for our properties under development represents non-cash expense associated with properties that are still under development at the end of each period presented.
Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations
Impact of COVID-19 on our Business
Overview
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic, the United States declared a National Public Health Emergency and we closed all of our centers based on orders and advisories from federal, state and local governmental authorities regarding COVID-19. Throughout this report, including this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” when we refer to “COVID-19” or “the pandemic,” such as when we describe the “impact of COVID-19” on our operations, we mean the coronavirus-related orders issued by governmental authorities affecting our operations and/or the presence of coronavirus in our centers, including COVID-19 positive members or team members.
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We re-opened our first center on May 8, 2020, and continued to re-open our centers as state and local governmental authorities permitted, subject to operating processes and protocols that we developed in consultation with an epidemiologist (MD/PhD) to provide a healthy and clean environment for our members and team members and to meet various governmental requirements and restrictions. Our centers were also impacted in 2021 as a result of the Delta variant and then again later in 2021 and into 2022 with the Omicron variant. The performance of our centers has improved significantly as our centers have ramped back from the adverse impacts of COVID-19.
We have experienced a slightly faster recovery in our membership dues revenue compared to our in-center revenue. We expect membership dues revenue to remain a higher percentage of our total revenue for at least the near term.
Leverage
We are focused on improving the ratio of our net debt to Adjusted EBITDA, or our leverage ratio. We define net debt as the current and long-term portion of our debt, excluding unamortized debt discounts and issuance costs and fair value adjustments, less cash and cash equivalents. Our leverage ratio was elevated due in part to the adverse impacts of COVID-19, which required us to incur additional debt and significantly reduced our Adjusted EBITDA. We have significantly improved our leverage ratio in the first nine months of 2023 and believe that we can continue to improve our leverage ratio as our profitability improves and we continue to strengthen our balance sheet.
Investment in Business
We have continued to invest in our business to elevate and broaden our member experiences and drive additional revenue per center membership, including improving our in-center services and products, such as pickleball, Dynamic Personal Training, Dynamic Stretch, small group training and our ARORA community, introducing new types of memberships, providing concierge-type member services and expanding our omni-channel offerings. Elevating our member experiences requires investment in our team members, programs, products, services and centers. These investments may impact our short-term results of operations and cash flows as our investments in our business may be made more quickly than we achieve additional revenue per center membership. While we remain focused on providing exceptional experiences to our members and growing our revenue, we are also focused on center and overhead support efficiencies given our recovery of membership dues and a significant portion of our center memberships.
Impact of Our Asset-light, Flexible Real Estate Strategy on Rent Expense
Our asset-light, flexible real estate strategy has allowed us to expand our business by leveraging operating leases and sale-leaseback transactions, among other asset-light opportunities. Approximately 66% of our centers are now leased, including approximately 89% of our new centers opened since 2015, versus a predominantly owned real estate strategy prior to 2015. Rent expense, which includes both cash and non-cash rent expense, will continue to increase as we lease more centers and will therefore impact the comparability of our results of operations. The impact of these increases is dependent upon the timing of our centers under development and the center openings, the timing of sale-leaseback transactions and terms of the leases for the new centers or sale-leaseback transactions.
Macroeconomic Trends
We have been monitoring the macroeconomic environment and its impact on our business, including with respect to inflation, interest rates, labor and supply chain issues, as well as a potential economic recession. See “—Overview—Macroeconomy” for additional information.
Share-Based Compensation
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized share-based compensation expense associated with stock options, restricted stock units, our ESPP that launched on December 1, 2022 and liability classified awards related to our short-term incentive plan in 2023, totaling approximately $37.0 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized share-based compensation expense associated with stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units totaling approximately $33.2 million. The majority of this expense in 2022 was associated with awards that were fully vested and became exercisable on April 4, 2022 in connection with the expiration of the lock-up period following our IPO.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Ultimate results could differ from those estimates. In recording transactions and balances resulting from business operations, we use estimates based on
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the best information available. We revise the recorded estimates when better information is available, facts change or we can determine actual amounts. These revisions can affect operating results.
Management has evaluated the development and selection of our critical accounting policies and estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes and believes these policies to be reasonable and appropriate. Certain of these policies involve a higher degree of judgment or complexity and are most significant to reporting our results of operations and financial position, and are, therefore, discussed as critical. Our most significant estimates and assumptions that materially affect the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements involve difficult, subjective or complex judgments, which management used while performing goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible and long-lived asset impairment analyses and sale-leaseback arrangements. Given the additional effects from the COVID-19 pandemic, these estimates can be more challenging, and actual results could differ materially from our estimates.
More information on all of our significant accounting policies can be found in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as compared to the critical accounting policies described in such Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statements of operations data (amounts in thousands) and data as a percentage of total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Three Months Ended September 30,
As a Percentage of Total Revenue
2023 2022 2023 2022
Revenue:
Center revenue $ 568,402  $ 479,995  97.1  % 96.7  %
Other revenue 16,775  16,386  2.9  % 3.3  %
Total revenue 585,177  496,381  100.0  % 100.0  %
Operating expenses:
Center operations 319,401  295,253  54.6  % 59.5  %
Rent 69,225  63,213  11.8  % 12.7  %
General, administrative and marketing 51,668  57,139  8.8  % 11.5  %
Depreciation and amortization 63,618  56,400  10.9  % 11.4  %
Other operating expense (income) 34,516  (31,358) 5.9  % (6.3) %
Total operating expenses 538,428  440,647  92.0  % 88.8  %
Income from operations 46,749  55,734  8.0  % 11.2  %
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense, net of interest income (33,075) (27,696) (5.7) % (5.5) %
Equity in earnings of affiliate 56  95  —  % —  %
Total other expense (33,019) (27,601) (5.7) % (5.5) %
Income before income taxes 13,730  28,133  2.3  % 5.7  %
Provision for income taxes 5,815  3,401  1.0  % 0.7  %
Net income $ 7,915  $ 24,732  1.3  % 5.0  %
Total revenue. The $88.8 million increase in Total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 was due to continued strong growth in membership dues and in-center revenue, including continuing to realize the benefits of pricing actions already completed, membership growth in our new and ramping centers and higher member utilization of our in-center offerings.
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With respect to the $88.4 million increase in Center revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022:
•81.7% was from membership dues and enrollment fees, which increased $72.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This increase reflects the improvement in our Center memberships, which increased to 784,331 as of September 30, 2023 from 728,729 as of September 30, 2022, as well as higher average monthly dues per Center membership during the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022; and
•18.3% was from in-center revenue, which increased $16.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. This increase was recognized across all of our primary in-center businesses and reflects the higher utilization of our offerings by our members during the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.
The $0.4 million increase in Other revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily driven by the improved performance of our Life Time Work and Life Time Living locations.
Center operations expenses. The $24.1 million increase in Center operations expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to increased operating costs related to our new and ramping centers as well as growth in memberships and in-center business revenue.
Rent expense. The $6.0 million increase in Rent expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily driven by the timing of sale-leaseback transactions during both the current and prior year as well as our taking possession of two properties during the current year for future centers where we started incurring GAAP rent expense, most of which is non-cash.
General, administrative and marketing expenses. General, administrative and marketing expenses decreased $5.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to reduced center support overhead, advertising and marketing and cash incentive compensation expenses, partially offset by higher share-based compensation expense.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased $7.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to new center openings.
Other operating expense (income). Other operating expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $34.5 million as compared to Other operating income of $31.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The $65.9 million change was primarily attributable to the recognition of a $13.2 million loss on a sale-leaseback transaction during the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the recognition of a $47.9 million gain on sale-leaseback transactions during the three months ended September 30, 2022, and a $5.6 million loss associated with the sale of an outparcel of land during the three months ended September 30, 2023, of which $5.3 million was recognized as an impairment charge.
Interest expense, net of interest income. The $5.4 million increase in Interest expense, net of interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 was driven by a higher average level of outstanding borrowings and higher interest rates during the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Provision for income taxes. The provision for income taxes was $5.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The effective tax rate was 42.4% and 12.1% for those same periods, respectively. The increase in provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily driven by a change in the valuation allowance associated with certain of our deferred tax assets and the tax deficiencies associated with share-based payment awards, partially offset by a decrease in earnings before income taxes and research tax credits. The effective tax rate applied to our pre-tax income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 is higher than our statutory rate of 21.0% and reflects the tax deficiencies associated with share-based payment awards and state income tax provisions, partially offset by a decrease in the valuation allowance associated with certain of our deferred tax assets and research tax credits.
Net income. As a result of the factors described above, net income was $7.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $24.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statements of operations data (amounts in thousands) and data as a percentage of total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
As a Percentage of Total Revenue
2023 2022 2023 2022
Revenue:
Center revenue $ 1,608,279  $ 1,307,498  97.0  % 96.9  %
Other revenue 49,480  42,404  3.0  % 3.1  %
Total revenue 1,657,759  1,349,902  100.0  % 100.0  %
Operating expenses:
Center operations 896,113  814,383  54.1  % 60.3  %
Rent 203,196  179,166  12.3  % 13.3  %
General, administrative and marketing 147,005  175,650  8.9  % 13.0  %
Depreciation and amortization 180,067  171,680  10.8  % 12.7  %
Other operating expense (income) 64,837  (56,605) 3.9  % (4.2) %
Total operating expenses 1,491,218  1,284,274  90.0  % 95.1  %
Income from operations 166,541  65,628  10.0  % 4.9  %
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense, net of interest income (96,249) (84,732) (5.8) % (6.3) %
Equity in earnings of affiliate 287  129  —  % —  %
Total other expense (95,962) (84,603) (5.8) % (6.3) %
Income (loss) before income taxes 70,579  (18,975) 4.2  % (1.4) %
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 18,200  (3,456) 1.1  % (0.3) %
Net income (loss) $ 52,379  $ (15,519) 3.1  % (1.1) %
Total revenue. The $307.9 million increase in Total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was due to continued strong growth in membership dues and in-center revenue, including continuing to realize the benefits of pricing actions already completed, membership growth in our new and ramping centers, the continued re-ramp of our centers and higher member utilization of our in-center offerings.
With respect to the $300.8 million increase in Center revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022:
•78.3% was from membership dues and enrollment fees, which increased $235.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This increase reflects the improvement in our Center memberships, which increased to 784,331 as of September 30, 2023 from 728,729 as of September 30, 2022, as well as higher average monthly dues per Center membership during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022; and
•21.7% was from in-center revenue, which increased $65.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This increase was recognized across all of our primary in-center businesses and reflects the higher utilization of our offerings by our members during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
The $7.1 million increase in Other revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily driven by the improved performance of our Life Time Work and Life Time Living locations.
Center operations expenses. The $81.7 million increase in Center operations expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to increased operating costs related to our new and ramping centers as well as growth in memberships and in-center business revenue.
Rent expense. The $24.0 million increase in Rent expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily driven by the timing of sale-leaseback transactions during both
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the current and prior year as well as our taking possession of three properties since May 31, 2022 for future centers where we started incurring GAAP rent expense, most of which is non-cash.
General, administrative and marketing expenses. General, administrative and marketing expenses decreased $28.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to lower cash incentive compensation expense and reduced center support overhead and advertising and marketing expenses.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased $8.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to new center openings.
Other operating expense (income). Other operating expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $64.8 million as compared to Other operating income of $56.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The $121.4 million change was primarily attributable to the recognition of a $13.4 million loss on sale-leaseback transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the recognition of a $98.0 million gain on sale-leaseback transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as well as increased costs to support other revenue growth.
Interest expense, net of interest income. The $11.5 million increase in Interest expense, net of interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was driven by a higher average level of outstanding borrowings and higher interest rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes. The provision for income taxes was $18.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to a $3.5 million benefit from income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The effective tax rate was 25.8% and 18.2% for those same periods, respectively. The increase in provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily driven by the increase in earnings before income taxes and the tax deficiencies associated with share-based payment awards, offset by a change in the valuation allowance associated with certain of our deferred tax assets and research tax credits. The effective tax rate applied to our pre-tax income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is slightly higher than our statutory rate of 21% and reflects an increase due to deductibility limitations associated with executive compensation, the tax deficiencies associated with share-based payment awards and state income tax provisions, largely offset by a change in the valuation allowance associated with certain of our deferred tax assets and research tax credits.
Net income (loss). As a result of the factors described above, net income was $52.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to a net loss of $15.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Our principal liquidity needs include the acquisition and development of new centers, lease requirements and debt service, investments in our business and technology and expenditures necessary to maintain and update or enhance our centers and associated fitness equipment and member experiences. We have primarily satisfied our historical liquidity needs with cash flow from operations, drawing on the Revolving Credit Facility, construction reimbursements and through sale-leaseback transactions.
Our top priorities remain improving our balance sheet, reducing leverage and having positive cash flow from operations after all capital expenditures. Our cash flow from operations continues to improve and we have taken significant actions to improve our liquidity. In May 2023, we refinanced our $273.6 million Term Loan Facility that had a maturity date in December 2024 to our $310.0 million Term Loan Facility that has a maturity date of January 15, 2026. For more information regarding the debt refinancing transaction, see Note 6, Debt, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we completed sale-leaseback transactions associated with three properties. During 2022, we completed sale-leaseback transactions associated with nine properties and also rewired our Company to improve the efficiency of our club operations and corporate office. We continue to explore potential sale-leaseback opportunities for a number of our properties, but we are being selective on whether to execute any additional sale-leasebacks in the current macroeconomic environment given our ability to add new centers through asset-light opportunities and our improving cash flows from operations. For more information regarding the sale-leaseback transactions that were consummated during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, see Note 7, Leases, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report. Additionally, we benefit from our in-house architecture, design and construction expertise that allows us to create operationally efficient centers and control the cost and pace of capital expenditures, including in determining when to begin or delay construction on a new athletic country club. We believe the steps we have taken to strengthen our balance sheet and to reduce our cash outflows leave us well-positioned to manage our business.
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As the opportunity arises or as our business needs require, we may seek to raise capital through additional debt or equity financing. There can be no assurance that any such financing would be available on commercially acceptable terms, or at all. Volatility in these markets, particularly in light of the rising interest rate environment, may increase costs associated with issuing debt instruments or affect our ability to access those markets, which could have an adverse impact on our ability to raise additional capital, to refinance existing debt and/or to react to changing economic and business conditions. In addition, it is possible that our ability to access the credit and capital markets could be limited at a time when we would like or need to do so.
As of September 30, 2023, there were $45.0 million of outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility and there were $32.6 million of outstanding letters of credit, resulting in total availability under our Revolving Credit Facility of $397.4 million. Total cash and cash equivalents, exclusive of restricted cash, at September 30, 2023 was $9.2 million, resulting in total cash and availability under our Revolving Credit Facility of $406.6 million.
The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows data (in thousands):
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2023 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 330,946  $ 125,320 
Net cash used in investing activities (403,549) (37,480)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 72,505  (11,708)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents 30  (700)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $ (68) $ 75,432 
Operating Activities
The $205.6 million increase in cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily the result of higher profitability.
Investing Activities
Investing activities consist primarily of the acquisition and development of new centers, investments in our business and technology and expenditures necessary to maintain and update or enhance our centers and associated fitness equipment. We finance the purchase of our property, centers and equipment through operating cash flows, proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions, construction reimbursements and draws on our Revolving Credit Facility.
The $366.1 million increase in net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily driven by a higher level of new center construction activity and a lower amount of proceeds that we received from sale-leaseback transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Financing Activities
The $84.2 million increase in cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily driven by net incremental proceeds we received from borrowings under our Term Loan Facility, Revolving Credit Facility and Construction Loan and proceeds from stock option exercises during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
We expect to satisfy our short-term and long-term obligations through a combination of cash on hand, funds generated from operations, sale-leaseback transactions and the borrowing capacity available under our Revolving Credit Facility.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business that include changes in interest rates and changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Information relating to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about these market risks is set forth below.
Interest rate risk
Our cash consists primarily of an interest-bearing account at a large United States bank with limited interest rate risk. At September 30, 2023, we held no investments in marketable securities.
In connection with the refinancing of our Term Loan Facility in May 2023, we converted the facilities under the Amended Credit Agreement from LIBOR to Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). We incur interest at variable rates under our Revolving Credit Facility. At September 30, 2023, there were $45.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and $32.6 million of outstanding letters of credit, resulting in total revolver availability of $397.4 million, which was available at intervals ranging from 30 to 180 days at interest rates of SOFR plus an applicable credit adjustment spread ranging from 0.11448% to 0.42826% depending on the duration of borrowing plus 3.50% or base rate plus 2.50%. Our Term Loan Facility is also subject to variable rates of SOFR plus the applicable credit adjustment spread plus 4.75% or base rate plus 3.75% and had an outstanding balance of $310.0 million at September 30, 2023.
Assuming no prepayments of the Term Loan Facility and that the Revolving Credit Facility is fully drawn (and that SOFR is in excess of the floor rate applicable to the Term Loan Facility), each one percentage point change in interest rates would result in an approximately $7.9 million change in annual interest expense on the indebtedness under the Credit Facilities.
Foreign currency exchange risk
We operate primarily in the United States with three centers operating in Canada. Given our limited amount of operations outside of the United States, fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates would not have a material impact on our business.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our CEO and Chief Financial Officer, has carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, our CEO and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the quarter covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Part II — OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are engaged in litigation or other proceedings incidental to the normal course of business, including investigations and claims regarding employment law including wage and hour and unfair labor practices; supplier, customer and service provider contract terms; products liability; and real estate. Other than as set forth in Note 10, Commitments and Contingencies, in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein, there are no pending material legal proceedings to which we are a party or to which our property is subject.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in that Annual Report.
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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, USE OF PROCEEDS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
(c)    On August 14, 2023, Jeffrey Zwiefel, the Company’s President and Chief Operating Officer, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan (the “Trading Plan”) that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c). The Trading Plan provides for the exercise of vested stock options to acquire up to a maximum of 250,000 shares and the associated sale of such shares. The Trading Plan will terminate on March 29, 2024 unless sooner terminated pursuant to its terms.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
All exhibits as set forth on the Exhibit Index.
Exhibit Index
Exhibit
Number
 Description of Exhibit Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date
31.1 Filed herewith
31.2 Filed herewith
32.1 Furnished herewith
32.2 Furnished herewith
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document –– the Instance Document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are Embedded within the Inline XBRL Document.
Filed herewith
101.SCH
Inline XBRL Schema Document.
 Filed herewith
101.CAL
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
 Filed herewith
101.DEF
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
 Filed herewith
101.LAB
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
 Filed herewith
101.PRE
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
 Filed herewith
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File –– the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
 Filed herewith
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Life Time Group Holdings, Inc.
Date: October 31, 2023
 By: /s/ Robert Houghton
Robert Houghton
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
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